The number of security initiatives that exert an influence on international trade has increased continuously after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. The requirements placed on the international supply chain are increasing steadily and it is becoming all the more difficult to obtain an exhaustive picture of the entire system of security requirements. The Swedish Trade Procedures Council (SWEPRO), which is a Swedish forum for cooperation on trade procedures, has established that there is a need for comprehensive information on the security initiatives and the effects they have on international trade. This report, produced by the Swedish National Board of Trade, is a response to this need. The report contains a survey of the most important initiatives, some of the economic studies that have been made on the subject, and a detailed comparison between security initiatives in the USA and EU.